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Computer Vision in Medicine and Neuroscience: Image guided neurosurgery and computational neuroanatomy. |
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Eric Grimson MIT |
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Algorithmic methods from computer vision and machine learning are dramatically changing the practice of health care and the exploration of fundamental issues in neuroscience. By coupling knowledge of tissue response, atlases of normal anatomy, and statistical models of shape variation, these methods are used to build detailed, patient-specific reconstructions of neuroanatomical structure from MRI imagery. Such structural models can be automatically augmented with information about function (using fMRI), and about connectivity (using DT-MRI) to create detailed models of a patient's brain. These models are routinely used for surgical planning -- how to reach the target tumor with minimal damage to nearby critical structures; and for surgical navigation -- guiding the surgeon to the target site rapidly and safely.
By combining with statistical models of population variation, these methods can also be used to investigate basic neuroscience questions -- how different are the shapes of subcortical structures between normal subjects and patients with a specific disease (such as schizophrenia or Alzheimer's); how do these shapes change with development in children, or with administration of pharmaceuticals; how do physiological properties differ between populations (such as the local structure of fiber orientation in white matter tracts). These computational methods provide a toolkit for exploring the structure and connectivity of neuroanatomical structures, in normal subjects and in diseased patients.
Eric Grimson is a Professor of Computer Science and Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and holds the Bernard Gordon Chair of Medical Engineering at MIT. He also holds a joint appointment as a Lecturer on Radiology at Harvard Medical School and at Brigham and Women's Hospital. Prof. Grimson currently serves as the Acting Department Head for the Dept. of Electrical Engg. and Comp. Sc. at MIT. He received a B.Sc. (High Honors) in Mathematics and Physics from the Univ. of Regina in 1975 and a Ph.D. in Mathematics from MIT in 1980. Prof. Grimson currently heads the Computer Vision Group of MIT's Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, which has pioneered state of the art systems for activity and behavior recognition, object and person recognition, image database indexing, image guided surgery, site modeling and many other areas of computer vision. Prof. Grimson is a Fellow of the American Association for Artificial Intelligence, a Fellow of the IEEE, and was awarded the Bose Award for Excellence in Teaching in the School of Engineering at MIT.
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